IPC Publication
H
ELECTRICITY

Note(s)

  • These Notes cover the basic principles and general instructions for use of section H.
    • Section H covers :
      • basic electric elements, which cover all electric units and the general mechanical structure of apparatus and circuits, including the assembly of various basic elements into what are called printed circuits and also cover to a certain extent the manufacture of these elements (when not covered elsewhere);
      • generation of electricity, which covers the generation, conversion and distribution of electricity together with the controlling of the corresponding gear;
      • applied electricity, which covers :
        • general utilisation techniques, viz. those of electric heating and electric lighting circuits;
        • some special utilisation techniques, either electric or electronic in the strict sense, which are not covered by other sections of the Classification, including:
          • electric light sources, including lasers;
          • electric X-ray technique;
          • electric plasma technique and the generation and acceleration of electrically charged particles or neutrons;
      • basic electronic circuits and their control;
      • radio or electric communication technique;
      • the use of a specified material for the manufacture of the article or element described. In this connection, paragraphs 88 to 90 of the Guide should be referred to.
    • In this section, the following general rules apply:
      • Subject to the exceptions stated in I(c), above, any electric aspect or part peculiar to a particular operation, process, apparatus, object or article, classified in one of the sections of the Classification other than section H, is always classified in the subclass for that operation, process, apparatus, object or article. Where common characteristics concerning technical subjects of similar nature have been brought out at class level, the electric aspect or part is classified, in conjunction with the operation, process, apparatus, object or article, in a subclass which covers entirely the general electrical applications for the technical subject in question;
      • The electrical applications referred to under (a), above, either general or particular, include:
        • the therapeutic processes and apparatus, in class A61;
        • the electric processes and apparatus used in various laboratory or industrial operations, in classes B01 and B03 and in subclass B23K;
        • the electricity supply, electric propulsion and electric lighting of vehicles in general and of particular vehicles, in the subsection "Transporting" of section B;
        • the electric ignition systems of internal-combustion engines, in subclass F02P, and of combustion apparatus in general, in subclass F23Q;
        • the whole electrical part of section G, i.e. measuring devices including apparatus for measuring electric variables, checking, signalling and calculating. Electricity in that section is generally dealt with as a means and not as an end in itself;
      • All electrical applications, both general and particular, presuppose that the "basic electricity" aspect appears in section H (see I(a) above) as regards the electric "basic elements" which they comprise. This rule is also valid for applied electricity, referred to in I(c), above, which appears in section H itself.
    • In this section, the following special cases occur:
      • Among the general applications covered by sections other than section H, it is worth noting that electric heating in general is covered by subclasses F24D or F24H or class F27, and that electric lighting in general is partly covered by class F21, since in section H (see I(c), above) there are places in H05B which cover the same technical subjects;
      • In the two cases referred to under (a), above, the subclasses of section F, which deal with the respective subjects, essentially cover in the first place the whole mechanical aspect of the apparatus or devices, whereas the electrical aspect, as such, is covered by subclass H05B;
      • In the case of lighting, this mechanical aspect should be taken to cover the material arrangement of the various electric elements, i.e., their geometrical or physical position in relation to one another; this aspect is covered by subclasses of class  F21, the elements themselves and the primary circuits remaining in section H. The same applies to electric light sources, when combined with light sources of a different kind. These are covered by subclass H05B, whereas the physical arrangement which their combination constitutes is covered by subclasses of class F21;
      • As regards heating, not only the electric elements and circuitry designs, as such, are covered by subclass H05B, but also the electric aspects of their arrangement, where these concern cases of general application; electric furnaces being considered as such. The physical disposition of the electric elements in furnaces is covered by section F. If a comparison is made with electric welding circuits, which are covered by subclass B23K in connection with welding, it can be seen that electric heating is not covered by the general rule stated in II, above.
H01
BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

Note(s) [7]

  • Processes involving only a single technical art, e.g. drying, coating, for which provision exists elsewhere are classified in the relevant class for that art.
  • Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "micro-structural devices" and "micro-structural systems".
H01M
PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY [2]

Note(s)

  • This subclass covers galvanic primary or secondary cells or batteries, fuel cells or stacks.
H01M 4/00
Electrodes [2006.01]

Note(s) [2]

  • In classifying electrodes of hybrid cells, the individual half-cells of the hybrid cell are considered separately, e.g. an electrode in the primary half of a primary/fuel type hybrid cell is considered to be a primary-cell electrode covered by H01M 4/06.
H01M 4/02
•
Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material [2006.01]
H01M 4/04
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Processes of manufacture in general [2006.01]
H01M 4/06
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Electrodes for primary cells [2006.01]
H01M 4/08
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•
•
Processes of manufacture [2006.01]
H01M 4/10
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•
•
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of pressed electrodes with central core, i.e. dollies [2006.01]
H01M 4/12
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•
•
•
of consumable metal or alloy electrodes (use of alloy compositions as active materials H01M 4/38) [2006.01]
H01M 4/13
•
•
Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof [2010.01]
•
•

Note(s) [2010.01]

  • This group does not cover electrodes for accumulators working at high temperatures, e.g. molten sodium electrodes, which subject matter is classified in group H01M 10/39.
H01M 4/131
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•
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Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx [2010.01]
H01M 4/1315
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•
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containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/133
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Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx [2010.01]
H01M 4/134
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Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys [2010.01]
H01M 4/136
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•
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Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/137
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•
•
Electrodes based on electro-active polymers [2010.01]
H01M 4/139
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•
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Processes of manufacture [2010.01]
H01M 4/1391
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•
•
•
of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx [2010.01]
H01M 4/13915
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•
•
•
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containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/1393
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•
•
•
of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx [2010.01]
H01M 4/1395
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•
•
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of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys [2010.01]
H01M 4/1397
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•
•
•
of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/1399
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•
•
•
of electrodes based on electro-active polymers [2010.01]
H01M 4/14
•
•
Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators [2006.01]
H01M 4/16
•
•
•
Processes of manufacture [2006.01]
H01M 4/18
•
•
•
•
of Plante electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/20
•
•
•
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of pasted electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/21
•
•
•
•
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Drying of pasted electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/22
•
•
•
•
Forming of electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/23
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•
•
•
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Drying or preserving electrodes after forming [2006.01]
H01M 4/24
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Electrodes for alkaline accumulators [2006.01]
H01M 4/26
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•
•
Processes of manufacture [2006.01]
H01M 4/28
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•
•
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Precipitating active material on the carrier [2006.01]
H01M 4/29
•
•
•
•
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by electrochemical methods [2006.01]
H01M 4/30
•
•
•
•
Pressing [2006.01]
H01M 4/32
•
•
•
Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/34
•
•
•
Silver oxide or hydroxide electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/36
•
•
Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids [2006.01]
H01M 4/38
•
•
•
of elements or alloys [2006.01]
H01M 4/40
•
•
•
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Alloys based on alkali metals [2006.01]
H01M 4/42
•
•
•
•
Alloys based on zinc [2006.01]
H01M 4/44
•
•
•
•
Alloys based on cadmium [2006.01]
H01M 4/46
•
•
•
•
Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium [2006.01]
H01M 4/48
•
•
•
of inorganic oxides or hydroxides [2010.01]
H01M 4/485
•
•
•
•
of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M 4/505, H01M 4/525 take precedence) [2010.01]
H01M 4/50
•
•
•
•
of manganese [2010.01]
H01M 4/505
•
•
•
•
•
of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/52
•
•
•
•
of nickel, cobalt or iron [2010.01]
H01M 4/525
•
•
•
•
•
of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy [2010.01]
H01M 4/54
•
•
•
•
of silver [2006.01]
H01M 4/56
•
•
•
•
of lead [2006.01]
H01M 4/57
•
•
•
•
•
of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide [2006.01]
H01M 4/58
•
•
•
of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates [2010.01]
H01M 4/583
•
•
•
•
Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx [2010.01]
H01M 4/587
•
•
•
•
•
for inserting or intercalating light metals [2010.01]
H01M 4/60
•
•
•
of organic compounds [2006.01]
H01M 4/62
•
•
Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers [2006.01]
H01M 4/64
•
•
Carriers or collectors [2006.01]
H01M 4/66
•
•
•
Selection of materials [2006.01]
H01M 4/68
•
•
•
•
for use in lead-acid accumulators [2006.01]
H01M 4/70
•
•
•
characterised by shape or form [2006.01]
H01M 4/72
•
•
•
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Grids [2006.01]
H01M 4/73
•
•
•
•
•
for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates [2006.01]
H01M 4/74
•
•
•
•
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Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal [2006.01]
H01M 4/75
•
•
•
•
Wires, rods, or strips [2006.01]
H01M 4/76
•
•
•
•
Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules [2006.01]
H01M 4/78
•
•
•
•
Shapes other than plane or cylindrical, e.g. helical [2006.01]
H01M 4/80
•
•
•
•
Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers [2006.01]
H01M 4/82
•
•
•
Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators [2006.01]
H01M 4/84
•
•
•
•
involving casting [2006.01]
H01M 4/86
•
Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells [2006.01]
H01M 4/88
•
•
Processes of manufacture [2006.01]
H01M 4/90
•
•
Selection of catalytic material [2006.01]
H01M 4/92
•
•
•
Metals of platinum group (H01M 4/94 takes precedence) [2006.01]
H01M 4/94
•
•
Non-porous diffusion electrodes, e.g. palladium membranes, ion exchange membranes [2006.01]
H01M 4/96
•
•
Carbon-based electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 4/98
•
•
Raney-type electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 6/00
Primary cells; Manufacture thereof [2006.01]

Note(s) [2]

  • In this group, primary cells are electrochemical generators in which the cell energy is present in chemical form and is not regenerated.
H01M 6/02
•
Details (of non-active parts H01M 2/00, of electrodes H01M 4/00) [2006.01]
H01M 6/04
•
Cells with aqueous electrolyte [2006.01]
H01M 6/06
•
•
Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid [2006.01]
H01M 6/08
•
•
•
with cup-shaped electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 6/10
•
•
•
with wound or folded electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 6/12
•
•
•
with flat electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 6/14
•
Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte [2006.01]
H01M 6/16
•
•
with organic electrolyte (H01M 6/18 takes precedence) [2006.01]
H01M 6/18
•
•
with solid electrolyte [2006.01]
H01M 6/20
•
•
•
working at high temperature (deferred-action thermal cells H01M 6/36) [2006.01]
H01M 6/22
•
Immobilising of electrolyte [2006.01]
H01M 6/24
•
Cells comprising two different electrolytes [2006.01]
H01M 6/26
•
Cells without oxidising active material, e.g. Volta cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/28
•
Standard cells, e.g. Weston cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/30
•
Deferred-action cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/32
•
•
activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components [2006.01]
H01M 6/34
•
•
•
Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/36
•
•
containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/38
•
•
•
by mechanical means [2006.01]
H01M 6/40
•
Printed batteries [2006.01]
H01M 6/42
•
Grouping of primary cells into batteries (H01M 6/40 takes precedence) [2006.01]
H01M 6/44
•
•
of tubular or cup-shaped cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/46
•
•
of flat cells [2006.01]
H01M 6/48
•
•
•
with bipolar electrodes [2006.01]
H01M 6/50
•
Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. maintaining operating temperature [2006.01]
H01M 6/52
•
Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries [2006.01]
H01M 8/00
Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof [2016.01]

Note(s) [2]

  • In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
    • "Fuel cell" means an electrochemical generator wherein the reactants are supplied from outside.
H01M 8/008
•
Disposal or recycling of fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/02
•
Details (electrodes H01M 4/86-H01M 4/98) [2016.01]
H01M 8/0202
•
•
Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors [2016.01]
H01M 8/0204
•
•
•
Non-porous and characterised by the material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0206
•
•
•
•
Metals or alloys [2016.01]
H01M 8/0208
•
•
•
•
•
Alloys [2016.01]
H01M 8/021
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alloys based on iron [2016.01]
H01M 8/0213
•
•
•
•
Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials [2016.01]
H01M 8/0215
•
•
•
•
Glass; Ceramic materials [2016.01]
H01M 8/0217
•
•
•
•
•
Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type AMO3, A being an alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal and M being a metal, e.g. perovskites [2016.01]
H01M 8/0221
•
•
•
•
Organic resins; Organic polymers [2016.01]
H01M 8/0223
•
•
•
•
Composites [2016.01]
H01M 8/0226
•
•
•
•
•
in the form of mixtures [2016.01]
H01M 8/0228
•
•
•
•
•
in the form of layered or coated products [2016.01]
H01M 8/023
•
•
•
Porous and characterised by the material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0232
•
•
•
•
Metals or alloys [2016.01]
H01M 8/0234
•
•
•
•
Carbonaceous material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0236
•
•
•
•
Glass; Ceramics; Cermets [2016.01]
H01M 8/0239
•
•
•
•
Organic resins; Organic polymers [2016.01]
H01M 8/0241
•
•
•
•
Composites [2016.01]
H01M 8/0243
•
•
•
•
•
in the form of mixtures [2016.01]
H01M 8/0245
•
•
•
•
•
in the form of layered or coated products [2016.01]
H01M 8/0247
•
•
•
characterised by the form (characterised by a channel configuration H01M 8/0258) [2016.01]
H01M 8/025
•
•
•
•
semicylindrical [2016.01]
H01M 8/0252
•
•
•
•
tubular [2016.01]
H01M 8/0254
•
•
•
•
corrugated or undulated [2016.01]
H01M 8/0256
•
•
•
•
Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0258
•
•
•
characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant [2016.01]
H01M 8/026
•
•
•
•
characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth [2016.01]
H01M 8/0263
•
•
•
•
having meandering or serpentine paths [2016.01]
H01M 8/0265
•
•
•
•
the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections [2016.01]
H01M 8/0267
•
•
•
having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels [2016.01]
H01M 8/0271
•
•
Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes [2016.01]
H01M 8/0273
•
•
•
with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame [2016.01]
H01M 8/0276
•
•
•
Sealing means characterised by their form (H01M 8/0273 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/028
•
•
•
Sealing means characterised by their material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0282
•
•
•
•
Inorganic material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0284
•
•
•
•
Organic resins; Organic polymers [2016.01]
H01M 8/0286
•
•
•
Processes for forming seals [2016.01]
H01M 8/0289
•
•
Means for holding the electrolyte (solid polymer electrolytes H01M 8/1018) [2016.01]
H01M 8/0293
•
•
•
Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions [2016.01]
H01M 8/0295
•
•
•
Matrices for immobilising electrolyte melts [2016.01]
H01M 8/0297
•
•
Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other (H01M 8/0271 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/04
•
Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids [2016.01]
•

Note(s) [2016.01]

  • In this group, multi-aspect classification is applied, so that subject matter characterised by aspects covered by more than one of its subgroups should be classified in each of those subgroups.
H01M 8/04007
•
•
related to heat exchange [2016.01]
H01M 8/04014
•
•
•
Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants [2016.01]
H01M 8/04029
•
•
•
Heat exchange using liquids [2016.01]
H01M 8/04044
•
•
•
Purification of heat exchange media [2016.01]
H01M 8/04082
•
•
Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration [2016.01]
H01M 8/04089
•
•
•
of gaseous reactants [2016.01]
H01M 8/04111
•
•
•
•
using a compressor turbine assembly [2016.01]
H01M 8/04119
•
•
•
•
with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying [2016.01]
H01M 8/04186
•
•
•
of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants [2016.01]
H01M 8/04223
•
•
during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/04225
•
•
•
during start-up [2016.01]
H01M 8/04228
•
•
•
during shut-down [2016.01]
H01M 8/04276
•
•
Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange [2016.01]
H01M 8/04291
•
•
Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems (H01M 8/04119 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/04298
•
•
Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems [2016.01]
H01M 8/043
•
•
•
applied during specific periods [2016.01]
H01M 8/04302
•
•
•
•
applied during start-up [2016.01]
H01M 8/04303
•
•
•
•
applied during shut-down [2016.01]
H01M 8/04313
•
•
•
characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function [2016.01]
H01M 8/0432
•
•
•
•
Temperature; Ambient temperature [2016.01]
H01M 8/0438
•
•
•
•
Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow [2016.01]
H01M 8/0444
•
•
•
•
Concentration; Density (H01M 8/04492 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/04492
•
•
•
•
Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content [2016.01]
H01M 8/04537
•
•
•
•
Electric variables [2016.01]
H01M 8/04664
•
•
•
•
Failure or abnormal function [2016.01]
H01M 8/04694
•
•
•
characterised by variables to be controlled [2016.01]
H01M 8/04701
•
•
•
•
Temperature [2016.01]
H01M 8/04746
•
•
•
•
Pressure; Flow [2016.01]
H01M 8/04791
•
•
•
•
Concentration; Density (H01M 8/04828 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/04828
•
•
•
•
Humidity; Water content [2016.01]
H01M 8/04858
•
•
•
•
Electric variables [2016.01]
H01M 8/04955
•
•
•
•
Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/04992
•
•
•
characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence [2016.01]
H01M 8/06
•
Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues (regenerative fuel cells H01M 8/18) [2016.01]
H01M 8/0606
•
•
with means for production of gaseous reactants [2016.01]
H01M 8/0612
•
•
•
from carbon-containing material [2016.01]
H01M 8/0637
•
•
•
•
Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell [2016.01]
H01M 8/065
•
•
•
by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances [2016.01]
H01M 8/0656
•
•
•
by electrochemical means (H01M 8/065 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/0662
•
•
Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning [2016.01]
H01M 8/0668
•
•
•
Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide [2016.01]
H01M 8/08
•
Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes [2016.01]
H01M 8/083
•
•
Alkaline fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/086
•
•
Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC] [2016.01]
H01M 8/10
•
Fuel cells with solid electrolytes [2016.01]
H01M 8/1004
•
•
characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] (H01M 8/12 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/1006
•
•
•
Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA [2016.01]
H01M 8/1007
•
•
with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised (H01M 8/12 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/1009
•
•
with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged (H01M 8/12 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/1011
•
•
•
Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC] [2016.01]
H01M 8/1016
•
•
characterised by the electrolyte material (H01M 8/12 takes precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/1018
•
•
•
Polymeric electrolyte materials [2016.01]
H01M 8/102
•
•
•
•
characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer [2016.01]
•
•
•
•

Note(s) [2016.01]

  • When classifying in this group, structures having two or more heteroatoms belonging to the groups O, P, N, S or Si must be completely identified by classification in all relevant subgroups.
H01M 8/1023
•
•
•
•
•
having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes [2016.01]
H01M 8/1025
•
•
•
•
•
having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters [2016.01]
H01M 8/1027
•
•
•
•
•
having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES] [2016.01]
H01M 8/103
•
•
•
•
•
having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh] [2016.01]
H01M 8/1032
•
•
•
•
•
having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES] [2016.01]
H01M 8/1034
•
•
•
•
•
having phosphorus, e.g. sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh] [2016.01]
H01M 8/1037
•
•
•
•
•
having silicon, e.g. sulfonated crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes [2016.01]
H01M 8/1039
•
•
•
•
halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides [2016.01]
H01M 8/1041
•
•
•
•
Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends [2016.01]
H01M 8/1044
•
•
•
•
•
Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive [2016.01]
H01M 8/1046
•
•
•
•
•
Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive [2016.01]
H01M 8/1048
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid [2016.01]
H01M 8/1051
•
•
•
•
•
•
Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2 [2016.01]
H01M 8/1053
•
•
•
•
•
consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive [2016.01]
H01M 8/1058
•
•
•
•
characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties [2016.01]
H01M 8/106
•
•
•
•
•
characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support [2016.01]
H01M 8/1062
•
•
•
•
•
characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness [2016.01]
H01M 8/1065
•
•
•
•
characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped [2016.01]
H01M 8/1067
•
•
•
•
characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness [2016.01]
H01M 8/1069
•
•
•
•
characterised by the manufacturing processes [2016.01]
H01M 8/1072
•
•
•
•
•
by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking [2016.01]
H01M 8/1081
•
•
•
•
•
starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers [2016.01]
H01M 8/1086
•
•
•
•
•
After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation [2016.01]
H01M 8/1088
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation [2016.01]
H01M 8/1097
•
•
Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports [2016.01]
H01M 8/12
•
•
operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte [2016.01]
H01M 8/1213
•
•
•
characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material [2016.01]
H01M 8/122
•
•
•
•
Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA [2016.01]
H01M 8/1226
•
•
•
•
characterised by the supporting layer [2016.01]
H01M 8/1231
•
•
•
with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised [2016.01]
H01M 8/1233
•
•
•
with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged [2016.01]
H01M 8/124
•
•
•
characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte [2016.01]
H01M 8/1246
•
•
•
•
the electrolyte consisting of oxides [2016.01]
H01M 8/1253
•
•
•
•
•
the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide [2016.01]
H01M 8/126
•
•
•
•
•
the electrolyte containing cerium oxide [2016.01]
H01M 8/1286
•
•
•
Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports [2016.01]
H01M 8/14
•
Fuel cells with fused electrolytes [2006.01]
H01M 8/16
•
Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which micro-organisms function as catalysts [2006.01]
H01M 8/18
•
Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells [2006.01]
H01M 8/20
•
Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible (H01M 8/18 takes precedence) [2006.01]
H01M 8/22
•
Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen [2006.01]
H01M 8/24
•
Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/2404
•
•
Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/241
•
•
with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes [2016.01]
H01M 8/2418
•
•
•
Grouping by arranging unit cells in a plane (H01M 8/2425, H01M 8/244 take precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/242
•
•
•
comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets (H01M 8/2425, H01M 8/244 take precedence) [2016.01]
H01M 8/2425
•
•
•
High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes [2016.01]
H01M 8/2428
•
•
•
•
Grouping by arranging unit cells on a surface of any form, e.g. planar or tubular [2016.01]
H01M 8/243
•
•
•
•
Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration [2016.01]
H01M 8/2432
•
•
•
•
Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration [2016.01]
H01M 8/2435
•
•
•
•
with monolithic core structure, e.g. honeycombs [2016.01]
H01M 8/244
•
•
•
with matrix-supported molten electrolyte [2016.01]
H01M 8/2455
•
•
with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants [2016.01]
H01M 8/2457
•
•
with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised [2016.01]
H01M 8/2465
•
•
Details of groupings of fuel cells [2016.01]
H01M 8/247
•
•
•
Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks [2016.01]
H01M 8/2475
•
•
•
•
Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks [2016.01]
H01M 8/248
•
•
•
•
Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks [2016.01]
H01M 8/2483
•
•
•
characterised by internal manifolds [2016.01]
H01M 8/2484
•
•
•
characterised by external manifolds [2016.01]
H01M 8/2485
•
•
•
•
Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack [2016.01]
H01M 8/249
•
•
comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies [2016.01]
H01M 8/2495
•
•
•
of fuel cells of different types [2016.01]
H01M 16/00
Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators [2006.01]